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The burden of tobacco use is not distributed equally throughout the population. Striking disparities exist in tobacco use around the world and in the US, not only across dimensions such as race/ethnicity and socioeconomic position but also across the continuum of tobacco use from initiation to cessation (See Fig. 5.1). Diseases caused by tobacco use, especially lung cancer, reflect and perpetuate...
This quote by the National Research Council, which captures the long history of related research and robust findings regarding the connection between socioeconomic status (SES) and health, cogently illustrates the central theme of this chapter and, indeed, of this book. The traditional socioeconomic indicators of education, income, occupation, and insurance status have repeatedly been shown to be...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer of both men and women in the US. In 2007, an estimated 153,760 men and women received a diagnosis of colon or rectal cancer, and 52,180 individuals died of the disease (Cancer of the Colon and Rectum 2007). Substantial literature documents that both the US incidence of CRC and mortality rates from the disease are not evenly distributed throughout...
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed non-skin cancer in the US and the second most common cause of cancer death among American men. In 2008 an estimated 186,320 men will be diagnosed with, and 28,660 will die of, prostate cancer in the US. Incidence rates increased dramatically in the 1990s attributable to prostate cancer screening but then declined after uncovering of prevalent cases. Mortality...
Cervical cancer became a preventable disease with the introduction of the Papanicolaou smear (Pap smear) in the 1940s. Trend data show that incidence rates have decreased steadily over the past several decades in both white and African American women living in the United States (American Cancer Society 2007). Mortality rates have declined steadily over the past several decades as well due to screening-related...
Melanoma and primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are two cancers with distinct disparity profiles. In the case of melanoma, while fair-skinned individuals with high education and income are more likely to be diagnosed, those of low socioeconomic status (SES) have a higher case-fatality rate. Greater awareness of warning signs of melanoma and access to primary care/dermatologists likely account...
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